Jurisdiction over slaves and the manner of its exercise were the grounds of most frequent complaint.

The "ancient jurisdiction," and not the then recently claimed or exercised powers, was the measure and the substance of what the Crown received from the Legislature; and, with those ancient rights for his rule, no impartial man would say that the Crown was the source of ecclesiastical jurisdiction according to the statutes of the Reformation.

Civil and criminal jurisdiction are attributes of sovereignty, and over two independent States there is no sovereign power.

The penal jurisdiction of a lodge is that jurisdiction which it is authorized to exercise for the trial of masonic offenses, and the infliction of masonic punishment.