Endwise compression test 34.

That the parts behave independently is shown by the compression failure below the original location of the neutral plane.

On 20 per cent of these tests load-compression curves for a 6-inch centrally located gauge length will be taken.

The compression theory as to the causation of navicular disease was, we believe, first originated by Colonel Smith.

The neutral plane must be presumed to sink gradually toward the tension side, and when the stresses on the outer fibres at the bottom have become sufficiently great, the fibres are pulled in two, the tension area being much smaller than the compression area.

A 1-inch disk will be cut from near the point of failure of bending and compression parallel specimens, from the portion under the plate in the case of the compression perpendicular specimens, and from the centre of the hardness test specimens.

The carriage is provided with strong oak buffers, planks, and spring buffers; the drawbars also have helical compression springs of the usual type.

When a tree is swayed by the wind the roots are counteracting forces, and the wood fibres are tested in tension and compression by the opposing forces; where the roots exercise tension stresses most effectively the effect of compression stresses is at a minimum; only where the pressure is in excess of the tension, i.e., between the roots, can a separation of the fibre result.

l = span of beam or length of compression specimen.

For tests in transverse bending, compression, and cleavage the specimen is placed between the movable head and the platform, and a direct compression force applied.

This sidewise bending can be overcome by making pillars and columns thicker in the middle than at the ends, and by bracing studding, props, and compression members of trusses.

The compression readings are taken at regular load increments and entered on the cross-section paper in the usual way.