In the reign of Stephen the question of ecclesiastical jurisdiction ad been raised at the trial of Bishop Roger of Salisbury; but in this case too the difficulty had been evaded by a temporary expedient, and the real principle at issue was left untouched.

In some places exempted from the archdeacon's jurisdiction commissaries acted as judges, Burn, i, 391.

The irregularities, too, on the ocean, which generally harass the commerce of neutral nations, have, in distant parts, disturbed ours less than on former occasions; but in the American seas they have been greater from peculiar causes, and even within our harbors and jurisdiction infringements on the authority of the laws have been committed which have called for serious attention.

Need for a federal judiciary Federal courts and judges District attorneys and marshals The federal jurisdiction QUESTIONS ON THE TEXT Section 6.