The ranchers have banded together in livestock associations, which coöperate with the Forest Service in managing the forest ranges.

Cotton-seed, it must be remembered, had little value at that time, except as livestock feed.

Where excessive livestock grazing is permitted in young forests considerable damage may result.

Of these, Hammond was chiefly concerned in swamp drainage, hillside terracing, forage increase, and livestock improvement; Jones was a promoter of the breeding of improved strains of cotton; Cloud was a specialist in fertilizing; and Philips was an all-round experimenter and propagandist.

Nevertheless, the National Forests play an important part in the western livestock industry.

The little protection shown the livestock interests in this western country has actually driven capital out of one of the best paying industries in the West.

He turned the page, and glanced at the livestock reports, the copper market, railroad stocks, and passed on to an article having to do with local politics.