The present German submarine warfare against commerce is a warfare against mankind.

" Until quite recently at any rate, the whole German nationexcept no doubt a cautious and intelligent few at the real sources of informationbelieved that the submarine campaign would soon "bring England to her knees."

The development of the submarine attack has set us a new and stern task, and we are "straitened till it be accomplished."

This was the submarine boat, the invention of Mr. John Holland, an American, but improved and enlarged by the Germans.

" The following telegraphic item is a remarkable instance of the exactness with which news can be transmitted by the submarine cable: "LONDON, September 16.

The troop movement record for the spring and summer months of 1918 was a wonderful one, in view of the submarine menace.

Under new orders to their submarine commanders, in spite of protests by the United States Government, Germany and Austria inaugurated on March 1 the policy of sinking without warning all Allied merchant vessels believed to carry any armament for defensive purposes, and the world waited with bated breath for fresh developments of the Teutonic campaign of frightfulness.

The principal doubt was as to the ability of the enemy to train submarine crews with sufficient rapidity to keep pace with his building programme.

The U.B. class had particularly rapid diving qualities, and were very popular boats with the German submarine officers.

When it became possible to adopt the system of bringing merchant ships in convoys through the submarine zone under the escort of a screen of destroyers, this system became in itself, to a certain extent, an offensive operation, since it necessarily forced the enemy submarines desirous of obtaining results into positions in which they themselves were open to violent attack by depth charges dropped by destroyers.

As to the length of the submarine tunnel by which communication is obtained with the outside, and through which the tug passed, I estimate that it is fifty yards in length.

On many parts of the coast of England, what are commonly known as "submarine forests" are to be seen at low water.

he said swelling visibly with importance; "I was once a poor boy, without a penny of my own, and now I am a comfortable man, and have my submarine villa to go to every evening".

The newest type of submarine torpedo is 100 per cent efficient.

The promoters of the submarine telegraph are very confident of the practicability of completing a galvanic connection between England and France: and I now begin to think it more than possible that, within a few years, observations at Paris and Brussels may be registered on the recording surfaces at Greenwich, and vice versa.'Prof.

This is the submarine signal.

Twenty-twoSurrender to the allies and the United States of America of all German submarines now existing (including all submarine cruisers and mine-laying submarines), with their complete armament and equipment, in ports which will be specified by the allies and the United States of America.

Although the completion of these vessels was delayed considerably beyond anticipated dates, they did, in 1918, exercise an influence on the submarine war.

Submarine telegraphy was in its infancy, and aërial telegraphy had scarcely outgrown its swaddling-clothes.

In 1854, when the Crimean War broke out, Mr. Armstrong was requested to devise some submarine mines which would clear the harbour of Sebastopol of the Russian war-ships which had been sent there.

He was at that moment seated on the topmost pinnacle of a submarine mountain of volcanic originsubmarine as to all its elevations, heights and spaces, with the exception of the crater where he had just taken his stand, and the little bit of visible and venerable lava, by which it was surrounded.

It was soon learned that the submarine base at Zeebrugge at least had been put out of business for a while.

In the summer of 1917 four such hunting flotillas were busy in the Channel; the work of one of these I have described already, and they certainly contributed towards making the Channel an uneasy place for submarine operations.

DEFEATING THE SUBMARINE DANGER

"The cruiser squadron on Sunday," the story ran, "suddenly became aware of the approach of the submarine flotilla.