The First Crusade (A.D. 1096-1099) SIR GEORGE W. COX Foundation of the Order of Knights Templars (A.D. 1118) CHARLES G. ADDISON Stephen Usurps the English Crown His Conflicts with Matilda Decisive Influence of the Church (A.D. 1135-1154) CHARLES KNIGHT Antipapal Democratic Movement Arnold of Brescia St. Bernard and the Second Crusade (A.D. 1145-1155)

[Footnote 16: See Antipapal Democratic Movement page 340.]

ANTIPAPAL DEMOCRATIC MOVEMENT: ARNOLD OF BRESCIA ST.

Arnold of Brescia initiates the antipapal democratic movement.

See "ANTIPAPAL DEMOCRATIC MOVEMENT," v, 340.

See "ANTIPAPAL DEMOCRATIC MOVEMENT," v, 340.