The Hun Han dynasty (later renamed the Earlier Chao dynasty) With its self-confidence thus increased, the Hun council of nobles declared that in future the Huns should no longer fight now for one and now for another Chinese general or prince.

The alien empires in North China, down to the Toba (A.D. 317-385) 1 The Later Chao dynasty in eastern North China (Hun; 329-352)

Liu Ts'ung had no such ambition; nor had his successor Liu Yao (319-329), who gave the Hun Han dynasty retroactively, from its start with Liu Yüan, the new name of "Earlier Chao dynasty" (304-329).

Although Shih Lo had long been much more powerful than the emperors of the "Earlier Chao dynasty", until their removal he had not ventured to assume the title of emperor.

For Shih Lo, after his destruction of Liu Yao, no longer hesitated: ex-slave as he was, and descended from one of the non-noble stocks of the Huns, he made himself emperor of the "Later Chao dynasty" (329-352).

After Shih Hu's death there were fearful combats between his sons; ultimately a member of an entirely different family of Hun origin seized power, but was destroyed in 352 by the Hsien-pi, bringing to an end the Later Chao dynasty.

Although this "Earlier Yen dynasty" of the Mu-jung officially entered on the heritage of the Huns, and its regime was therefore dated only from 352 (until 370), it failed either to subjugate the whole realm of the "Later Chao" or effectively to strengthen the state it had acquired.

The head of the family had worked his way up as a leader of Tibetan auxiliaries under the "Later Chao", gaining more and more power and following.

er Chao" seemed to make intervention easy.

Pan Chao: foremost woman scholar of China.

SEE TWENEY, C. F. HUI, CHAO CHING-. SEE CHAO, CHING-HUI. HULBERT, JAMES ROOT.

SEE TWENEY, C. F. HUI, CHAO CHING-. SEE CHAO, CHING-HUI. HULBERT, JAMES ROOT.

By Yuen Ren Chao.

By Yuen Ren Chao.

Yuen Ren Chao (A); 6Sep74; R584916. R584917.

SEE TWENEY, C. F. HUI, CHAO CHING-. SEE CHAO, CHING-HUI. HULBERT, JAMES ROOT.

SEE TWENEY, C. F. HUI, CHAO CHING-. SEE CHAO, CHING-HUI. HULBERT, JAMES ROOT.

BUWEI, YANG CHAO.

SEE CHAO, BUWEI YANG.

SEE CHANDLER, ASA C. CHAO, BUWEI YANG.

Buwei Yang Chao (A); 5Jun72; R530730. CHAPIN, ROBERT M., JR.

By Yuen Ren Chao.

Yuen Ren Chao (A); 6Sep74; R584914. R584915.

By Yuen Ren Chao.

Yuen Ren Chao (A); 6Sep74; R584916. R584917.