Know all ye Whigs and Tories of the Pit, (Ye furious Guelphs and Gibelins of Wit, Who for the Cause, and Crimes of Forty One So furiously maintain the Quarrel on) Our Author, as you'll find it writ in Story, Has hitherto been a most wicked Tory; But now, to th'joy o'th' Brethren be it spoken, Our Sister's vain mistaken Eyes are open; And wisely valuing her dear Interest now, All-powerful Whigs, converted is to you.

Ten years' civil war in Germany was the fruit of his astute policy, and the only great failure of his administration was that he could not exempt Italy from the dominion of the Emperors of Germany, thus giving rise to the two great political parties of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries,the Guelphs and Ghibellines.

His ancestors, boasting of Roman descent, belonged to the patriotic party,the Guelphs, who had the ascendency in his early years,that party which defended the claims of the Popes against the Emperors of Germany.

Even when they meet in the street, women look at one another like Guelphs and Ghibellines.

I should have to explain the Guelphs and the Ghibellines, the Neri and the Bianchi, the Guilds and the Priors, the gonfalonieri and the podesta, the secondo popolo and the buonuomini.

In 1289 Dante had been present at the battle of Campaldino, fighting with the Guelphs against the Ghibellines, and on settling down in Florence and taking to politics it was as a Guelph, or rather as one of that branch of the Guelph party which had become Whitethe Bianchias opposed to the other party which was Blackthe Neri.

The feuds between these divisions took the place of those between the Guelphs and Ghibellines, since Florence was never happy without internal strife, and it cannot have added to Dante's home comfort that his wife was related to Corso Donati, who led the Neri and swaggered in his bullying way about the city with proprietary, intolerant airs that must have been infuriating to a man with Dante's stern sense of right and justice.

He gave heed to their representations, for he cunningly perceived that he might ride into the undisputed leadership of the great popular party, the Guelphs, and so checkmate his other allies, the aristocrats!

His young manhood found him in the very forefront of party strife, and from the first he held unswervingly with the Guelphs.

Italy, in those days, was divided into the parties of Guelphs and Ghibellines; the former, the advocates of general church-ascendancy and local government; the latter, of the pretensions of the Emperor of Germany, who claimed to be the Roman Cæsar, and paramount over the Pope.

In Florence, the Guelphs had for a long time been so triumphant as to keep the Ghibellines in a state of banishment.

Finding who Dante was, he boasted of having three times expelled the Guelphs.

'The family Geremie of Bologna were at the head of the Guelphs, and that of the Lambertazzi of the Ghibbelines, who formed an opposition by no means despicable to the domineering party.

Even when they meet in the street, they look at each other like Guelphs and Ghibellines.

Unfortunately Trivulzio was himself a Milanese and of the faction of the Guelphs.

" "The Lombards are fair," I answered, "and the Guelphs, you know, are of Lombardy.

He did not tell me of Sir Max's home, but I supposed he also was from Italy, or perhaps from Würtembergthere are many Guelphs in that country.

Times are a little altered; no Guelphs and Ghibellines now.

Thy doublet and breeches are Guelphs and Ghibellins to one another; and the stitches of thy doublet are so far asunder, that it seems to hang together by the teeth.

ESTE, an ancient and illustrious Italian family from which, by an offshoot founded by Welf IV., who became Duke of Bavaria in the 11th century, the Guelph Houses of Brunswick and Hanover, also called the Este-Guelphs, trace their descent.

GHIBELLINES, a political party in Italy who, from the 11th to the 14th centuries, maintained the supremacy of the German emperors over the Italian States in opposition to the GUELPHS (q. v.).

GUELDERLAND (523), a province of Holland, stretching from the Zuider Zee on the NW. to Prussia on the SE.; agriculture is the staple industry; the Rhine crosses it in the S. GUELPHS, a political party in Italy, who from the 11th to the 14th centuries maintained, against the claims of the Emperors, the independence of Italy, and the supremacy of the Pope, in opposition to the GHIBELLINES (q. v.).

The presence of the papal power in Rome, the rise of such rich trading republics as the cities of Milan, Florence, Naples, Genoa, and Venice, the pretensions of French kings and German emperors, and factions like those of the Guelphs and Ghibellines, produced endless complications and ruinous wars.

Were the Unionists and Secessionists but as Guelphs and Ghibellines?

Those only opposed him who were hostile to the Empire itself, those whose ideals or interests were injured by this great military monarchyPoles and Ultramontanes, Guelphs and Socialists; in opposing Bismarck they seemed to be traitors to their country, and he and his supporters were not slow to divide the nation into the loyal and the Reichsfeindlich.