In this the Bulgars were completely successful under the leadership of one Krum, whom, in the elation of victory, they promptly elected to the throne.

Krum was a far more capable ruler than they had bargained for, and he not only united all the Bulgars north and south of the Danube into one dominion, but also forcibly repressed the whims of the nobles and re-established the autocracy and the hereditary monarchy.

After further victories, at Mesembria (the modern Misivria) in 812 and Adrianople in 813, Krum appeared before the capital, where he nearly lost his life in an ambush while negotiating for peace.

Though Krum cannot be said to have introduced civilisation into Bulgaria, he at any rate increased its power and gave it some of the more essential organs of government.

SEE Krum, Charlotte.

KRUM, CHARLOTTE.

SEE Krum, Charlotte.

By Charlotte Krum.

SEE Krum, Charlotte.

KRUM, CHARLOTTE.

SEE Krum, Charlotte.

By Charlotte Krum.