They lingered in sunny Provence, and in the dark forest-land of the Minnesingers.

The Muses smiled with a look more of complaisance than approval, as they reviewed the army of Troubadours and Minnesingers and the crowd of romancers who followed in their train.

Almost contemporary were the lays of the Minnesingers in Germany and the romances of the Trouvères in Northern France.

OSWALD, THE MINNESINGER A Legend of Schloss Forst, near Meran PROLOGUE Oswald von Wolkenstein, the Last of the Minnesingers, loved a beautiful woman, named Sabina, who proved faithless to him, thereby causing the poet great mental suffering.

The Minnesingers have found heirs and continuators in the modern writers of Germany.

It was heaven's wull that in them he should transcend a' the minnesingers o' this warld.

He has been introduced by Novalis into his novel of Heinrich Von Ofterdingen, as present at the famous contest of the Minnesingers on the Wartburg.

Every German country was ringing with song; the depth of German sentiment found universal expression in ballads and poems, grave or gay, and German idealism inspired the minnesingers.

As Arthur is the centre of British romance, and Charlemagne of French romance, so Diderick is the central figure of the German minnesingers.

The Great is called by the German minnesingers.

ET'ZEL or EZZEL (i.e. Attila), king of the Huns, in the songs of the German minnesingers.

The darkness of the Middle Ages reached its midnight, and slowly the dawn arose,musical with the chirping of innumerable trouvères and minnesingers.

Beatrice Perham Krone (A); 3Mar65; R357528. Minstrels and minnesingers; singers of the Middle Ages, by Beatrice Perham.

Beatrice Perham Krone (A); 3Mar65; R357528. Minstrels and minnesingers; singers of the Middle Ages, by Beatrice Perham.

RARITY OF TRUE LOVE Sentimentality, as I have said, precedes sentiment in the history of love, and it has been a special characteristic of certain periods, like that of the Alexandrian Greeks and their Roman imitators, to whom we shall recur in a later chapter, and the mediaeval Troubadours and Minnesingers.

BODMER, JOHANN JACOB, a distinguished Swiss critic, born near Zurich; the first, by study of the masters in literature of Greece and Rome, France, England, and Italy, to wake up Germany to a sense of its poverty in that line, and who aided, along with others, in the inauguration of a new era, which he did more by his republication of the Minnesingers and part of the "Nibelungen Lied" than by his advocacy (1698-1783).

GOTTFRIED VON STRASBURG, a medieval German poet and one of the famous minnesingers; flourished in Strasburg at the close of the 12th century and beginning of the 13th; his great poem "Tristan und Isolde," completed in 1210, extends to 19,552 lines, and has a grace and freshness suggestive of Chaucer.

Previous to the invention of printing, however, they were familiar to rich and poor, thanks to the scalds, bards, trouvères, troubadours, minstrels, and minnesingers, who, like the rhapsodists of Greece, spent their lives in wandering from place to place, relating or reciting these tales to all they met in castle, cottage, and inn.

It was therefore recited in every castle and town by the wandering minstrels, trouvères, troubadours, minnesingers, and scalds, who thus individually and collectively continued the work begun so many years before by the Greek rhapsodists.

Finally, the German minnesingers knew and appreciated troubadour lyrics, and imitations or even translations of Provençal poems may be found in Heinrich von Morungen, Friedrich von Hausen, and many others.

CHAPTER IX PROVENÇAL INFLUENCE IN GERMANY, FRANCE AND ENGLAND Provençal influence in Germany is apparent in the lyric poetry of the minnesingers.

The earlier, the Austro-Bavarian school, flourished in the valley of the Danube: the later minnesingers form the Rhine school.

Dietmar von Aist, one of the earliest minnesingers, who flourished in the latter half of the twelfth century has, for instance, the Provençal alba theme.

This difference is further apparent in the attitude of minnesingers and troubadours towards the conception of "love."

n, Savaric de, 135 Minnesingers, 128 Miraval, Raímon de, 39, 83 Montanhagol, Guillem de, 117 Montaudon, Monk of, 11, 69, 79, 113 Beatrice of, 97 Montpelier, Germonde de, 89 William VII.