Alcoholic liquors retard the natural chemical changes so essential to good health, by which is meant the oxidation of the nutritious elements of food.

Just as the energy for the working of the engine is obtained from steam by the combustion of fuel, so the energy possessed by our bodies results from the combustion or oxidation within us of the food we eat.

These waste products represent the oxidation that has taken place in the tissues in producing the energy necessary for the bodily activities, just as the smoke, ashes, clinkers, and steam represent the consumption of fuel and water in the engine.

The energy of muscular work and of the heat of the body comes largely from the oxidation, or destruction, of this class of foods.

Then, in turn, the oxidation of the waste matter in the tissues is prevented; thus the corpuscles cannot convey carbon dioxid from the capillaries, and this fact means that some portion of refuse material, not being thus changed and eliminated, must remain in the blood, rendering it impure and unfit for its proper use in nutrition.

In brief, we are to study the set of processes known as respiration, by which oxygen is supplied to the various tissues, and by which the principal waste matters, or chief products of oxidation, are removed.

The heat of the body is generated by the chemical changes, generally spoken of as those of oxidation, which are constantly going on in the tissues.

These chemical changes are of various kinds, but the great source of heat is the katabolic process, known as oxidation.

Wherever there is life, this process of oxidation is going on, but more energetically in some tissues and organs than in others.

The waste caused by this oxidation must be made good by a due supply of food to be built up into protoplasmic material.

But the oxidation process is not as simple and direct as the statement of it might seem to indicate.

The continual chemical changes, then, chiefly by oxidation of combustible materials in the tissues, produce an amount of heat which is efficient to maintain the temperature of the living body at about 98-1/2 degrees F. This process of oxidation provides not only for the heat of the body, but also for the energy required to carry on the muscular work of the animal organism.

The continual chemical changes, then, chiefly by oxidation of combustible materials in the tissues, produce an amount of heat which is efficient to maintain the temperature of the living body at about 98-1/2 degrees F. This process of oxidation provides not only for the heat of the body, but also for the energy required to carry on the muscular work of the animal organism.

From this tissue activity, which is mainly oxidation, are formed certain waste products which, as we have seen, are absorbed by the capillaries and lymphatics and carried into the venous circulation.

Certain articles of food also contain small amounts of sulphur and phosphorus, which undergo oxidation into sulphates and phosphates.

In winter it is maintained by more active oxidation, by extra clothing, and by artificial heat.

Conine, on oxidation, yields chiefly butyric acid, but among the products of oxidation has been found the pyridine carboxylic acid before referred to.

Conine, on oxidation, yields chiefly butyric acid, but among the products of oxidation has been found the pyridine carboxylic acid before referred to.

This latter, by careful oxidation, yields apophyllenic acid, C{8}H{7}NO{4}, and this, on heating with hydrochloric acid to 240° C., yields pyridine-dicarboxylic acid, C{5}H{9}N(COOH){2}.

housands of years after the deposition of the sulphide ores had ceased and the oxidation had begun.

They came from the oxidation of the ammonia compounds brought about by moistening, since the nitrogen of the air does not seem to combine under normal conditions with the surrounding oxygen.

This oxidation of ammonia compounds is brought about, as has been shown by Messrs. Schloesing and Muntz, by a special ferment, the Micrococcus nitrificans, that belongs to the group of Bacteriacæ.

When the coin is put upon the hot iron, and consequently when the oxidation is the greatest, a considerable smoke arises from the coin, and this diminishes like the film of oxide by frequent repetition.

But the whiteness of the busts had taken on the color of chocolate, the bronzes were reddened by oxidation, the gold had turned greenish, and the wreaths were losing their leaves.

They are usually set down as due to varying degrees of oxidation in the pigmentary matter.