The practices of incision and scarification, were employed in the Greek camp at the siege of Troy; and the application of spirits to wounds, was likewise understood; for we find Nestor applying a poultice compounded of cheese, onion, and meal, mixed up with the wine of Pramnos, to the wounds of Machaon.

I hear that he is pestered still with visits from doctors, and apothecaries, and surgeons; that they cannot cut so deep as the mortification has gone; and that in every visit, in every scarification, inevitable death is pronounced upon him.

Of the immediate effect of this scarification upon Shadwell we have no information; how it ultimately affected his fortunes we shall see presently.

To open the haemorrhoids with horseleeches, to apply horseleeches to the forehead without scarification, to the shoulders, thighs.

Antidotario Florentine, aromaticum, rosatum, Mithridate. or Outwardly used, as cupping-glasses to the hypochonries without scarification, oil of camomile, rue, aniseed, their decoctions, &c. THE SECOND PARTITION.

Cupping-glasses with or without scarification, ocyssime compescunt, saith Fernelius, they work presently, and are applied to several parts, to divert humours, aches, winds, &c. Horseleeches are much used in melancholy, applied especially to the haemorrhoids.

5. Paulus Regolinus, Sylvius will have them without scarification, "applied to the shoulders and back, thighs and feet:" Montaltus cap.

" Piso enjoins ligatures, frictions, suppositories, and cupping-glasses, still without scarification, and the rest.

Ligatures, frictions, and cupping-glasses above or about the belly, without scarification, which [4407]Felix Platerus so much approves, may be used as before.

[4409]Areteus prescribes cataplasms of camomile flowers, fennel, aniseeds, cumin, rosemary, wormwood-leaves, &c. [4410]Cupping-glasses applied to the hypochondries, without scarification, do wonderfully resolve wind.

In the former situation the sole is thinned down until a sufficient flow is obtained, while at the coronet scarification is the method adopted.

In this case a deep scarification of the part is indicated.

This scarification is usually accomplished with a knife, or, as in earlier days, with a flint.

Figure 20 represents scarification as a form of grief-expression for the dead.

MOURNING OBSERVANCES.Is scarification practiced, or personal mutilation?

In Congo, scarifications are made on the back for therapeutic reasons; and in Timor-Laut (Malay Archipelago), both sexes tattooed themselves "in imitation of immense smallpox marks, in order to ward off that disease.

" SCARIFICATION.

On the Congo, scarifications are made on the back for therapeutic reasons, and on the face as tribal marks.

Africans: Mutilations; Vanity and emulation; Scarification; Beauty not appreciated; Corpulence versus beauty; Concupiscence versus beauty; Kissing; Why wives are valued; Desertion of the aged; "Liberty of choice,"; Chapter on (See Table of Contents and names of peoples: Bushmen, Hottentots, Kaffirs, etc.).

Negroes, African: Feminine aspect of men; Delight in torture; Scarification; Idea of beauty; No love among.

Scarification.