So, here was where those three little ships, that we had been following at the respectful distance of three centuries, terminated their voyage; here was where that handful of colonists founded the first permanent English settlement in the New World; here was the cradle of our country.

There was a low isthmus (that has since been washed away) connecting with the mainland; so that the site of the settlement was in reality a peninsula.

The sufferings in that little pioneer settlement of our country have scarcely been equalled in modern colonization.

In that season of horror, the settlement almost passed out of existence.

Besides eating away the ancient isthmus, the James attacked the upper end of the island, devouring part of the site of the old-time settlement.

We passed a pier with a warehouse on it, bearing a sign which read, "Jamestown Island, Site of the First Permanent English Settlement in America, 1607.

For Gadabout was holding in quite close to shore where no vessel could have gone in James Towne days, as the place was then solid land and a part of the settlement.

"] In the days of the old settlement, there was no such entrance at this end; for here the narrow isthmus extended across, connecting with the mainland.

They seem to have built their fort and their little settlement within it about five hundred feet farther down stream and some distance back from the shore.

For a rough approximation, all we had to do was to get Mr. Leal, the caretaker, to stand at the most westerly angle of the fort, and his son on the sea-wall at the lower end of the fort, and Henry on the sea-wall a hundred yards farther up stream; then, straight lines connecting these three men enclosed all that is left of that first little fortified settlement where Anglo-Saxon America began.

Upon this little four-acre settlement hung the destiny of a hemisphere for the next few years.

[Illustration: LOCATING WHAT IS LEFT OF THE SITE OF THE FIRST SETTLEMENT.

By the winter of 1609-10 there were perhaps five hundred persons in this little settlement by the river, including now, unfortunately, some women and children.

For even in the dark hour of abandonment, it was not destined that the settlement should perish.

Even were every vestige of that pioneer settlement gone forever, memory would hold this island a place apart.

He made vigorous protest when the settlers took to the ships and abandoned the settlement.

It consists principally of age, having been founded only four years after the settlement of James Towne.

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Clark also asked for five hundred-weight of gunpowder, of which the Kentucky settlement stood in sore and pressing need.

XI.ROBERTSON FOUNDS THE CUMBERLAND SETTLEMENT, 1779-1780.

The presence of the families shows that even this expedition had the usual peculiar western character of being undertaken half for conquest, half for settlement.

To keep them in good order he confiscated all their spirituous liquors, and in a rather amusing burst of Puritan feeling destroyed two billiard tables, which he announced were "sources of immorality and dissipation in such a settlement."

Then he shut his eyes and laid his head on his hand three times, by which I understood that a man could ride to the Mormon settlement in three sleeps or four days.