Which preposition to use with deterrents

to Occurrences 5%

So far as the Dover exit was concerned we stated that the narrowness of the waters, with the consequent risk to the enemy from our mines and torpedoes, had so far acted as a deterrent to his capital ships; we had to depend on the light forces at Harwich and Dover to deal with any enemy surface craft attacking the southern area from German ports.

in Occurrences 3%

But as the habit of disorder was threatening to become chronic, he wisely took another way with the sedition of Mujica, maintaining order by a resort to prompt and vigorous action, and making a salutary example which was calculated to be deterrent in its effects.

against Occurrences 1%

In order to carry out the general policy mentioned, the eastern end of the Straits of Dover had been heavily mined at intervals during the war, and these mines had proved to be a sufficient deterrent against any attempt on the part of surface vessels larger than destroyers to pass through.

than Occurrences 1%

Everybody wanted him to writeeverybody had decided that he ought to, that he would, that he must be persuaded to; and the incessant imperceptible pressure of encouragementthe assumption of those about him that because it would be good for him to write he must naturally be able toacted on his restive nerves as a stronger deterrent than disapproval.

Which preposition to use with  deterrents