Which preposition to use with vandalism

of Occurrences 8%

The vandalism of the attack amazed the men.

in Occurrences 3%

Nor has Vandalism in the guise of the Mahayana school been alone at work here.

at Occurrences 2%

According to Mrs. Gordon's Life of Dean Buckland, one piece of vandalism at any rate was the work of an American, who returned to the dean two heads which he had appropriated as relics.

Which preposition to use with  vandalism