biodiversity habitat forest desertification logging reforestation urbanization extinction erosion peatland poverty silting afforestation oak malaria climate groundwater charcoal denudation war carbon eradicate depletion india felling encroachment degradation overfishing pollution landslide eradication transpiration poaching soil vegetation forests overpopulation droughts sedimentation elm overexploitation eutrophication wetlands removal industrialization malnutrition conservation forestry greenhouse madagascar agriculture plantations schistosomiasis pasture arid globalization farm indonesia colonization stripping uncovering husking baring java geography photosynthesis oxygen ranch ton road grassland overgrazing bedrock wildlife genetics ecosystem cities extirpate flora evapotranspiration gdp siltation paper anthropogenic deforest euro uncontrolled rampant exploitation migration inundation impacts crops curbing unsustainable cultivation drought obliterate hazel unchecked