"' Recreations and Studies of a Country Clergyman of the XVIIIth Century, p. 72.

[Footnote 2: NICHOLS, in the Literary Anecdotes of the XVIIIth Century, Vol.

It was applied to the literature in Germany (and in Europe) the latter part of the XVIIIth century, which was characterised by emotional excess of all kinds.

The same idea of God, but considerably amplified in some respects, may be found in the Maxims of Khensu-Hetep, a work which was probably composed during the XVIIIth dynasty.

In another hymn, which was a favourite in the XVIIIth and XIXth dynasties, H[=a]pi is called "One," and is said to have created himself; but as he is later on in the text identified with R[=a] the epithets which belong to the Sun-god are applied to him.

No. 10,471).] which, though, of a later date, reproduces in a brief form all the essentials of the longer hymns of the XVIIIth dynasty (about B.C. 1700 to 1400).

[Footnote: The horse does not appear to have been known in Egypt before the XVIIIth dynasty; this portion of Plutarch's version of the history of Osiris must, then, be later than B.C. 1500.] more useful in overtaking and cutting off a flying adversary.'

The next step was to ascribe to him the attributes of God, and in the XVIIIth and XIXth dynasties he seems to have disputed the sovereignty of the three companies of gods, that is to say of the trinity of trinities of trinities, [Footnote: Each company of the gods contained three trinities or triads.]

But although such exalted ideas of Osiris and his position among the gods obtained generally in Egypt during the XVIIIth dynasty (about B.C. 1600) there is evidence that some believed that in spite of every precaution the body might decay, and that it was necessary to make a special appeal unto Osiris if this dire result was to be avoided.

In the XVIIIth dynasty, however, he is already the equal of R[=a], and later the attributes of God and of all the "gods" were ascribed to him.

This "hidden" god, for such is the meaning of the name Amen, was essentially a god of the south of Egypt, but when the Theban kings vanquished their foes in the north, and so became masters of the whole country, Amen became a god of the first importance, and the kings of the XVIIIth, XIXth, and XXth dynasties endowed his temples on a lavish scale.

A revolt headed by Amen-hetep, or Amenophis IV. (about B.C. 1500), took place against the supremacy of Amen in the middle of the XVIIIth dynasty, but it was unsuccessful.

The judgment here depicted must, in any case, be different from that which forms such a striking scene in the later illustrated papyri of the XVIIIth and following dynasties.

Certain scenes which are found in the Book of the Dead as vignettes accompanying certain texts or chapters, e.g., the Fields of Hetep, or the Elysian Fields, are exceedingly old, and are found on sarcophagi of the XIth and XIIth dynasties; but the earliest picture known of the Judgment Scene is not older than the XVIIIth dynasty.

In the great illustrated papyri of the XVIIIth and XIXth dynasties we find, however, that notwithstanding the fact that a large number of sins, which the deceased declares he has not committed, are mentioned in the Introduction, the scribes and artists added a series of negative statements, forty-two in number, which they set out in a tabular form.

These differences may, however, be easily explained, for the central administration may at any time have added to or taken from the number of names for fiscal or other considerations, and we shall probably be correct in assuming that at the time the Negative Confession was drawn up in the tabular form in which we meet it in the XVIIIth dynasty the names were forty-two in number.

As none of the oldest papyri of the Book of the Dead supplies us with a representation of this scene, we must have recourse to the best of the illustrated papyri of the latter half of the XVIIIth and of the XIXth dynasties.

Mus., No. 9900; this document belongs to the XVIIIth dynasty.]

In the Papyrus of Nebseni the divisions of the Sekhet-Auru contain the following: [Illustration: The Elysian Fields of the Egyptians according to the Papyrus of Nebseni (XVIIIth dynasty).

Ani ploughing a field near a stream which contains [Illustration: The Elysian Fields of the Egyptians according to the Papyrus of Ani (XVIIIth dynasty).

Guinea's captive kings; British anti-slavery literature of the XVIIIth century.

Guinea's captive kings; British anti-slavery literature of the XVIIIth century.

[in the xviiith volume of the Histoire litteraire de la France, begun by the Benedictines and continued by the Academie des Inscriptions et Belleslettres de l'Institut, pp.